DISCONNECTED
Command
Actuator
BUZZER

A passive piezo buzzer contains a piezoelectric disc that deforms when voltage is applied. Unlike an active buzzer (which has a fixed oscillator), a passive buzzer requires the MCU to generate a square wave at the desired frequency. Tone and duty cycle can be varied in software.

Specifications
Operating voltage3.3 – 5V
Frequency range20 Hz – 5 kHz
Sound pressure~85 dB @ 10cm
Current< 30 mA
TypePassive (piezo)
InterfacePWM GPIO
How It Works

The MCU's PWM output (or a timer in toggle mode) drives the piezo element with a square wave. The duty cycle affects volume — 50% gives maximum amplitude. Frequency sets pitch. The piezoelectric disc flexes at the signal frequency, pushing air molecules to create sound.

Typical Use Cases
Alarm tones Button feedback Status indicators Music/melody playback Error beeps Wake-up alerts
Limitations

Passive buzzer requires precise MCU timing — blocking delays can cause tone glitches. Volume is low compared to speakers. Frequency response is narrow — best between 1–4 kHz. Not suitable for voice or complex audio.

Commands Out
System
Q & A

Sign in to chat with Claude about this component.

Settings

Lag Simulation

The dashed ghost shows the commanded target. The solid state shows the physical actual state, which lags behind due to motor inertia and mechanical response time.

Sign in